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The enantiomeric siderophores pyochelin and enantiopyochelin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas protegens promote growth under iron limitation and activate transcription of their biosynthesis and uptake genes via the AraC-type regulator PchR. Here we investigated siderophore binding to PchR in vitro using fluorescence spectroscopy. A fusion of the N-terminal domain of P. aeruginosa PchR with...
A high intraspecific difference in cadmium (Cd) tolerance exits among Rhizobium leguminosarum strains. The higher tolerance to Cd appeared to be related to the efficiency of the glutathione (GSH)–Cd chelation mechanism, but it is not known how efficiency is influenced. Thus, in this work it was intended to investigate the traits behind the efficiency of intracellular Cd chelation by GSH. Glutathione-...
As an important trace element, zinc is required for the normal cellular structure and function, and impairment of zinc homeostasis is associated with a variety of health problems including cardiovascular disease. Zinc homeostasis is regulated through zinc transporters, zinc binding molecules, and zinc sensors. Zinc also plays a critical role in cellular signaling. Studies have documented that zinc...
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental contaminant known to exert significant neurotoxic effects on both humans and experimental animals. The aim of this study was to shed more light on the effects of gestational (in utero) and lactational maternal exposure to Cd (50 ppm of Cd as Cd-chloride in the drinking water) on crucial brain enzyme activities in important rat offspring brain regions (frontal cortex,...
Apart from cytotoxicity cadmium has no special attributes towards cell’s physiological function. The role of cadmium with respect to cell growth is still under debate. Mitogen activated protein kinase and Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase dependent pathways are the two elaborately studied concerning cadmium induced cell proliferation. Low concentration of cadmium chloride (2.5 μM) was applied...
The GATA-type transcriptional repressor structural gene SRE1 was isolated from both the genomic DNA and mRNA of the marine yeast Aureobasidium pullulans HN6.2 by inverse PCR and RACE. An open reading frame (ORF) of 1,002 bp encoding a 334 amino acid protein (a calculated isoelectric point: 8.6) with a calculated molecular weight of 35.1 kDa was characterized. The corresponding gene had one single...
In Wilson’s disease (WND), biallelic ATP7B gene mutation is responsible for pathological copper accumulation in the liver, brain and other organs. It has been proposed that copper transporter 1 (CTR1) and the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) translocate copper across the human intestinal epithelium, while Cu-ATPases: ATP7A and ATP7B serve as copper efflux pumps. In this study, we investigated the...
We have determined the structure and coordination chemistry of rhizoferrin (Rf), which is a particular type of siderophore, and its Fe(III) complexes using density functional theory calculations. Our results show that the Fe(III) ion binds in an octahedral coordination, with a low-spin (S = 1/2) charge-neutral chiral complex having the largest binding energy of the investigated complexes. We have...
The stoichiometric analysis of the metal induced Metallothionein (MT) is pertinent for understanding the metal-MT interactions. Despite innumerable publications on MT, the literature addressing these aspects is limited. To bridge this gap, PIXE and ESI-MS analysis of the commercial rabbit liver MT1 (an isoform of MT), zinc induced isolated rat liver MT1, apo and Arsenic substituted rabbit liver MT1...
A screening for siderophores produced by the ectomycorrhizal fungi Laccaria laccata and Laccaria bicolor in synthetic low iron medium revealed the release of several different hydroxamate siderophores of which four major siderophores could be identified by high resolution mass spectrometry. While ferricrocin, coprogen and triacetylfusarinine C were assigned as well as other known fungal siderophores,...
A novel hemostatic effect of gallium nitrate has recently been discovered. Our aim was to perform a preliminary investigation into its mode of action. Thromboelastography® showed no effect on coagulation but pointed instead to changes in fibrinogen concentration. We measured functional fibrinogen in whole blood after addition of gallium nitrate and nitric acid. We found that gallium nitrate induces...
Hepcidin is an antimicrobial peptide hormone that plays a central role in the metabolism of iron and its expression in the liver can be induced through two major pathways: the inflammatory pathway, mainly via IL-6; and the iron-sensing pathway, mediated by BMP-6. GATA-proteins are group of evolutionary conserved transcriptional regulators that bind to the consensus motif—WGATAR—in the promoter region...
Despite 40+ years of research on aluminum (Al) toxicity in aquatic organisms, Al transport mechanisms through biological membranes, and the intracellular fate of Al once assimilated, remain poorly understood. The trivalent metal scandium shares chemical similarities with Al and, unlike Al, it has a convenient radioactive tracer (Sc-46) allowing for relatively simple measurements at environmentally...
Fungal plant pathogens such as Fusarium graminearum cause severe global economic losses in cereals crops, and current control measures are limited. This work addresses the potential for ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and biocontrol bacteria to be used in plant fungal control strategies. Growth of F. graminearum was significantly (p = 0.05) inhibited by inclusion of the NPs in a mung bean broth agar and in...
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the kinetics of manganese (Mn) transport in Caco-2 cell monolayers and the gene expressions of Mn transport carriers in apical (AP) and basolateral (BL) membranes. In experiment 1, the cells were treated with the medium containing 146 μmol/L of Mn (MnSO4·H2O). Both the uptake and transport of Mn from AP–BL or from BL–AP at different time-points were assessed...
Accumulated evidence indicates that the interconversion of iron between ferric (Fe3+) and ferrous (Fe2+) can be realized through interaction with reactive oxygen species in the Fenton and Haber–Weiss reactions and thereby physiologically effects redox cycling. The imbalance of iron and ROS may eventually cause tissue damage such as renal proximal tubule injury and necrosis. Many approaches were exploited...
Nedd4 family interacting protein 1 (Ndfip1) is an adaptor protein for the Nedd4 family of ubiquitin ligases that target proteins for degradation. Recent studies confirmed the role of Ndfip1 as a regulator of iron metabolism and pointed out that Ndfip1 was involved in iron homeostasis by regulating the degradation of iron importer divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1). However, little is known about...
While the toxicological effects of mercury (Hg) are well studied in mammals, little is known about the mechanisms of toxicity to bacterial cells lacking an Hg resistance (mer) operon. We determined that Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is more sensitive to ionic mercury [Hg(II)] under aerobic conditions than in fumarate reducing conditions, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.25 and 2 μM respectively...
Copper is an essential micronutrient that functions as an enzymatic cofactor in a wide range of cellular processes. Although adequate Cu levels are essential for normal metabolism, excess Cu can be toxic to cells. Cellular responses to copper deficiency and overload involve changes in the expression of genes directly and indirectly involved in copper metabolism. However little is known on the effect...
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